Chemical-Sensory Characterization of Dairy Manure Odor Using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Olfactometry

摘要: Livestock operations are associated with emissions of odor, gases, and particulate matter. The majority previous livestock odor studies focused on swine whereas relatively few relate to dairy cattle. Identifying the compounds responsible for primary impact is a demanding analytical challenge because many critical components frequently present at very low concentrations within complex matrix numerous insignificant volatiles. objective this study was describe chemical-sensory profile manure using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O). Two approaches were used: (1) HS-SPME time-series extractions (from seconds up 20 hr) followed by (GC-MS-O) analyses, (2) short (30 min) MDGC-MS-O analyses selected chromatogram heart-cuts. Dairy collected research farms in United States Israel. Volatile organic (VOCs) resolved from multiple included sulfur-containing compounds, volatile fatty acids, ketones, esters, phenol/indole derivatives. A total 86 potential odorants identified. Of them, 17 detected human nose only. greater number VOCs odorous detected, as well higher mass loading, (SPME) fibers observed longer SPME. However, besides other showed no apparent competition displacement SPME fiber. use increased chromatographic resolution even revealed 22 additional one regions chromatogram. two found be parallel some extent can also considered complementary approach resolving more detailed profiles.