Empirical evidence for source-sink populations: a review on occurrence, assessments and implications.

摘要: Assessing the role of local populations in a landscape context has become increasingly important fields conservation biology and ecology. A growing number studies attempt to determine source-sink status populations. As concept is commonly used for management decisions nature conservation, accurate assessment approaches are crucial. Based on systematic literature review published between 2002 2013, we evaluated priori predictions methodological biological factors that may influence occurrence source or sink The yielded 90 assessments from 73 publications included qualitative quantitative evidence either population(s) one multiple species. Overall, tended occur more often than Moreover, differed among taxonomic classes. Sinks were found sources mammals, while there was non-significant trend opposite be true amphibians. Univariate multivariate analyses showed positively related connectivity Our furthermore highlights 25 years after Pulliam's widely cited publication 'sources, sinks, population regulation', in-depth based combined consideration demographic parameters such as fecundity, survival, emigration immigration still scarce. To increase our understanding systems ecological, evolutionary conservation-related perspectives, recommend forthcoming dynamics should pay attention study design (i.e. populations) λ values calculated rates.