Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Failures and Beyond: Contemporary Management of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
作者： H Barton Grossman , Michael S Cookson , Michael A O'Donnell , Thomas E Keane , Richard E Greenberg
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摘要: In the United States, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is treatment most used for superficial bladder cancer. Patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) treated intravesical BCG plus interferon have a 60% to 70% chance of complete and durable response if they were never or failed only 1 prior induction relapsed more than year from induction. Intravesical gemcitabine safe, but its usefulness BCG-refractory patients unclear. Valrubicin, approved CIS bladder, has efficacy acceptable toxicity. Cystectomy should be considered high-risk, non-muscle-invasive cancer, particularly therapy failed.
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