Net Energy Payback and CO2 Emissions from Three Midwestern Wind Farms: An Update

摘要: This paper updates a life-cycle net energy analysis and carbon dioxide emissions of three Midwestern utility-scale wind systems. Both the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) CO2 results provide useful data for policy discussions regarding an efficient low-carbon mix. The EPR is amount electrical produced lifetime power plant divided by total required to procure transport materials, build, operate, decommission plants. each was calculated from input data. A previous study also analyzed coal nuclear fission At time that study, two systems had less than full year generation project production. with additional four eight years operating ranges low 11 two-turbine system in Wisconsin 28 143-turbine southwestern Minnesota. coal, 25 gas centrifuge enriched uranium 7 gaseous diffusion uranium. normalized emissions, tonnes per GWeh, 14 33 systems, 974 10 34 using uranium, respectively.