Siam and its Twin?: Democratization and Bossism in Contemporary Thailand and the Philippines

摘要: Summary Any understanding of corruption in Thailand and the Philippines must rest upon a broader analysis phenomenon ‘bossism’ numerous localities these two countries. The common manifestations bossism ‐ local powerbrokers' exercise effective monopolies over coercive economic resources within defined bailiwicks reflect subordination apparatus state to elected officials rather than any shared features society Philippines. peculiar variations found countries are linked distinct patterns phasing formation. Democratization since mid‐1980s has stimulated re‐emergence strengthening both