摘要: The important excitations of solids are plasmons, phonons, excitons, magnons, etc.. Almost invariably, each these the bulk solid has a surface mode counterpart. Thus there suface and maybe excitons magnons. Certain modes electrostatic in origin, their properties may be derived by classical analysis using Maxwell’s equations. It is which subject this review. This no means includes all excitations, e.g., Rayleigh waves omitted. we do include described common mathematical formalism. These plasmons on metal, optical (SO) phonons excitons. also have been most recent theoretical experimental investigations.
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