Cartographic source materials and cartographic method of research in the past environment analyses

摘要: The article reviews a methodology of using early maps and other cartographic materials in the past environment studies. application method research is presented on examples from different fields, but cases Earth Science are analysed deeper – hydrography, through geomorphology to many aspects economic geography. What broadly described detection human interaction with nature: all traces that marked by settlement, land use, communication, etc. This paper shows environment, its ways use topology can be recreated maps. These help finding hidden marks past, saved abandoned orchards, old roads composed into modern network, toponyms storing spatial relations, It also shown analyses have conveyed great care responsibility, especially when it comes geometric properties materials. Geographic Information System (GIS) helpful such situation, more profound. In this GIS as tool being step forward applications field landscape given simple yet informative numeric outcomes 3D virtual creations long-gone landscapes.