Solute displacement in the aqueous phase of water–NaCl–organic ternary mixtures relevant to solvent-driven water treatment

摘要: Twelve water miscible organic solvents (MOS): acetone, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, trifluoroethanol, isopropylamine, dimethylformamide, and ether (DME) were used to produce ternary mixtures of water–NaCl–MOS relevant MOS-driven fractional precipitation. The aqueous-phase composition the mixture at liquid–liquid equilibrium liquid–solid endpoint was established through quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance mass balance. results highlight importance considering hydrated concentrations salts suggest that high salt low MOS concentration, concentration is governed by competition between ions molecules. Under these conditions a LS phase boundary established, over which one mole replaced (solute displacement). At higher concentrations, with affinity deviate from one-to-one solute exchange but maintain homogenous liquid phase, while lower form boundary. DME found function effectively as an for precipitation, precipitating 97.7% CaSO4 saturated solution, challenging scalant. DME-driven softening recycles within system improving atom-efficiency existing seawater desalination pretreatments avoiding chemical consumption.