‘Universal’ GIS versus national land information traditions: Internationalization of software or endogenous developments?

摘要: Abstract There are large and surprising gaps between the diffusion of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in European countries. Whereas some countries, notably United Kingdom Netherlands, GIS technology has already become standard practice cartography, local land management, planning, other countries have been extremely slow adopting new technology. This paper discusses why this is so. The hypothesis that national information traditions determine institutional environment procedures into which needs to be integrated, restricts transfer ‘universal’ software developed different settings. ends by drawing conclusions out for a research agenda.