Students' effort and educational achievement: Using the timing of the World Cup to vary the value of leisure
作者： Robert Metcalfe , Simon Burgess , Steven Proud
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPUBECO.2018.12.006
关键词:
摘要: Abstract We study the effect of a sharp, exogenous, and repeated change in value leisure on educational achievement, arising from overlap major international football tournaments with high-stakes tests. Using administrative data covering almost all students England, we find significant negative average tournament exam performance. The odds reaching achievement benchmark fall by 12% average, considerably more for likely to be interested football. Analysis within-student variation shows 0.02 SD grades, 0.06 interested. interpret our results as reflecting changes student effort.
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