Biological Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents

摘要: The pulp and paper industry is one of the major consumers water. Pulp industrial wastewaters usually contain halogenated organic materials, because general use made chlorine-containing compounds as bleaching agents during manufacture. Kraft pulping most common commercial chemical delignification procedure. Chlorination generally first stage in kraft this treatment phase, chlorinated are produced. substances extracted with dilute alkali from subsequent extraction phase. Chloro-organic tend to persist nature their inherent recalcitrance; they often toxic aquatic live; many genotoxic have potential migrate widely throughout ecosystem, ultimately accumulating fatty tissues organisms. Legislation has been introduced limit levels these effluents. Additionally, treatments chromophoric, highly oxidized, polymeric lignin/chlorolignin derivatives formed that give rise a dark color effluent. poses an aesthetic problem contributes biological oxygen demand. Several methods attempted for decolorization detoxification bleached These include physicochemical biotechnological methods. problems underlying those associated cost reliability. Biotechnological eliminate/ reduce This article reviews research on mill progress further scope also discussed.