Vitamin D analogs: Therapeutic applications and mechanisms for selectivity

摘要: The vitamin D endocrine system plays a central role in mineral ion homeostasis through the actions of hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], on intestine, bone, parathyroid gland, and kidney. main function 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is to promote dietary absorption calcium phosphate, but effects kidney parathyroids fine-tune levels. In addition these classical actions, exerts pleiotropic wide variety target tissues cell types, often an autocrine/paracrine fashion. These biological activities have suggested multitude potential therapeutic applications hormone for treatment hyperproliferative disorders (e.g. cancer psoriasis), immune dysfunction (autoimmune diseases), hyperparathyroidism). Unfortunately, effective doses required treat can produce substantial hypercalcemia. This limitation therapy has spurred development analogs that retain therapeutically important properties 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), with reduced calcemic activity. Analogs improved indices are now available psoriasis secondary hyperparathyroidism chronic disease, research newer indications continues. Other under clinical trials various types cancer, autoimmune disorders, many other diseases. Although new show tremendous promise cell-based models, this article will limit it focus currently use those demonstrated efficacy animal models or trials.