Flight distance in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and fallow deer Dama dama as related to hunting and other factors

摘要: Flight distances in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and fallow Dama dama with respect to a human observer on foot were measured four nature reserves the Netherlands: two dune western part (the Amsterdam Water Supply Dunes (AWD) Kennemerduinen (KD)) forested areas eastern of country (Hoge Veluwe (HV) Kootwijk (KO)). In there is gradient hunting pressure from almost none AWD, via an increase KD, KO HV. Fallow occur both are not hunted. Of all factors studied, regime habitat structure most strongly related flight distance. Although number individuals per group weather conditions also showed some relation distances, their influence was relatively unimportant compared that structure. When walking down wind, (both deer) flee at longer (64.7 ± 5.8 m) than when upwind (41.7 3.3 or calm wind (44.2 ±1.8 m). population shortest among studied areas. areas, dense vegetation structures shorter open field. did differ between AWD KD.