Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

摘要: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is reported to constitute about 2% of all congenital cardiac malformations. At The Children's Hospital, Columbus, the incidence from 1952 date 4.5% autopsied heart cases. basic anomaly consists direct or indirect blood right atrium instead left. Survival possible because a patent foramen ovale ductus arteriosus always associated with anomaly. Cases total are presently classified on basis specific point insertion veins into systemic circuit, thus resulting in multiplicity separate entities. From clinical standpoint, however, these entities may be consolidated two well-defined and strikingly different types—supradiaphragmatic infradiaphragmatic, depending upon general level vein insertion. manifestations, x-ray appearance, length