Female multiple matings and male harassment and their effects on fitness of arrhenotokous Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

摘要: Although it is generally assumed that one or a few matings are sufficient to maximize female fitness and mating be costly females, multiple of females have been reported across wide taxonomically diverse set animals. Here, we investigated frequency male harassment rate in arrhenotokous Thrips tabaci. In addition, the cost mating, matings, was evaluated. We found T. tabaci mated times during their lifetime were subjected high at all ages tested. Mating terms reducing longevity delaying initiation egg laying, although did not affect survivorship males. Furthermore, continual exposure males also resulted delayed production reduced fecundity. Virgin thrips produce only progeny whereas from unfertilized eggs fertilized eggs. However, allow fertilize larger proportion increase offspring ratio. Our study demonstrates conflicts between occurrence sexual activities. This raises questions about evolution polyandry this species. these findings suggest such phenomena may occur other animal species influence systems.