Brain Glucose-Sensing Mechanism and Energy Homeostasis.

摘要: The metabolic and energy state of the organism depends largely on availability substrates, such as glucose for ATP production, necessary maintaining physiological functions. Deregulation in levels leads to appearance pathological signs that result failures cardiovascular system various diseases, diabetes, obesity, nephropathy, neuropathy. Particularly, brain relies fuel normal development neuronal activity. Regions adjacent cerebral ventricles, hypothalamus brainstem, exercise central control homeostasis. These centers house nuclei neurons whose excitatory activity is sensitive changes levels. Determining different detection mechanisms, phenotype neurosecretion, neural connections involving glucose-sensitive essential understanding response hypoglycemia through modulation food intake, thermogenesis, activation sympathetic parasympathetic branches, inducing glucagon epinephrine secretion other hypothalamic-pituitary axis-dependent counterregulatory hormones, glucocorticoids growth hormone. aim this review focuses integrating current glucose-sensing mechanisms described brain, thereby establishing a relationship between neuroanatomy processes involved both balance. This will advance increasingly prevalent diseases modern world, especially emphasize patterns regulate stimulate overall synergistic effect neuroendocrine system.