Oil spill in Botany Bay: short term effects and long term implications.

摘要: Botany Bay supports wetlands along its southern shores which include about 190 hectares of mangrove woodland, 180 saltmarch and 88 freshwater (State Pollution Control Commission, 1979). These were formerly more extensive but large scale clearance has occurred since European settlement, urban industrial development 1950 resulted in the loss 4 mangroves 218 saltmarsh wetlands. The remaining wetland complex is regarded as one most important New South Wales (Australian Littoral Society, 1977). Since 1978 there been no significant to development, however, 5 (two percent) have lost die-back following oil spills 1979 1981 (Allaway et al., 1985). A major refinery operates at Kurnell Oil Refining Pty Ltd – A. O. R.) supplied with crude by pipelines connected an transfer terminal off (Fig. 1). comprises a seven-point mooring holds tankers fixed position while transferred shore via submerged pipeline. Submerged refined product also traverse facilitate exchange between other installations on northern shore.