Explosive Super-Eruptions and Potential Global Impacts

摘要: Abstract Rare, but extremely large, explosive super-eruptions lead to the catastrophic formation of huge calderas, devastation substantial regions by pyroclastic density currents or flows and their deposits, ashfalls that cover continent-sized areas. The effects future will be felt globally at least a whole hemisphere. most widespread are likely derive from volcanic gases released, particularly sulfur converted into sulfuric acid aerosols in stratosphere. These remain for several years, promoting changes atmospheric circulation, causing surface temperatures fall many regions, leading short-term, temporary reductions light levels, severe unseasonable weather (“volcanic winter”), not expected enough cause major climatic changes. Major disruptions global societal infrastructure can periods months cost financial markets high sustained.