Nonpharmacological interventions for pain management in paramedicine and the emergency setting: a review of the literature.

摘要: Paramedicine and the emergency medical services have been moving in direction of advancing pharmaceutical intervention for management pain both acute chronic situations. This coincides with other areas advanced life support patient strategies that well researched continue to benefit from increasing evidence. Even though paramedic practice is firmly focused on pharmacological interventions alleviate pain, there emerging evidence proposing a range nonpharmacological options can an important role management. review highlights literature suggests paramedicine should be considering application complementary alternative therapies which enhance current reduce use interventions.