Antimicrobial resistance and biological governance: explanations for policy failure

摘要: The paper reviews the state of policy on antimicrobial use and growth resistance (AMR). AMR was anticipated at time first antibiotics by their originators. For decades, reports scientific papers have expressed concern about global national levels, yet problem, exposed a half-century ago, worsened. considers explanations for this failure arguments ways forward. These include: deficit economic incentivisation; complex interventions in behavioural dynamics; joint separate shifts medical animal health regimes; consumerism; belief technology; narrative that 'war bugs' nature can be beaten human ingenuity. suggests these narratives underplay biological realities human-animal-biosphere being constant flux, an understanding which requires ecological public analysis development failure. effective change simultaneous actions across levels. No single solution is possible, since result long-term intervention has accelerated certain trends evolution microbial ecosystem shared humans, animals other organisms inhabiting ecosystem. Viewing crisis today through lens advantage reuniting social-ecological bio-ecological perspectives been separated within health.