Optimal Composition of Fluid-Replacement

摘要: The objective of this article is to provide a review the fundamental aspects body fluid balance and physiological consequences water imbalances, as well discuss considerations for optimal composition replacement beverage across broad range applications. Early pioneering research involving in persons suffering from diarrheal disease military, occupational, athlete populations incurring exercise- and/or heat-induced sweat losses has provided much insight regarding basic principles on palatability, voluntary intake, absorption, retention. We work also more recent advances understanding it applies various (military, athletes, men, women, children, older adults) situations (pathophysiological factors, spaceflight, bed rest, long plane flights, heat stress, altitude/cold exposure, recreational exercise). how carbohydrate electrolytes impact replacement. nutrients compounds that are often included fluid-replacement beverages augment functions unrelated hydration, such provision energy. depends upon source loss, whether sweat, urine, respiration, or diarrhea/vomiting. It apparent one customized according specific needs, environmental conditions, desired benefits, individual characteristics taste preferences. C