Analysis of cell-free dna in urine and other samples

摘要: Diseases (e.g., cancer) of a particular organ can be detected by analyzing cell-free DNA. Some embodiments may use an organ-associated sample that is from or passes through the organ, as occur, for example, in urine, saliva, blood, and stool samples. In some embodiments, methylation levels DNA measured sample. Tissue-specific patterns used to determine fractional contributions different tissue types. other sizes measured. A statistical measure size profile indicate fragments are collectively longer than expected subjects with healthy compared non-healthy tissue. two samples analyzed whether has cancer. Cell-free blood both identify chromosomal regions exhibiting copy number aberration.