Geographic and Seasonal Variation in Species Diversity and Community Composition of Frugivorous Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and their Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) Parasitoids.

摘要: Many studies have investigated species diversity patterns across space and time, but few explored of coexistence tightly interacting species. We documented in a host-parasitoid system broad geographic location seasons. calculated (H eH   ') compared the relationship between community similarity distances frugivorous Drosophila host (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Leptopilina parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) communities Eastern North America, from New Hampshire to Florida, at two time points during breeding season. also analyzed influence environmental factors on assemblages via constrained correspondence analysis lastly cluster dendrograms identify potential interactions. found that composition Drosophila-Leptopilina varied significantly with latitude. Interestingly, increased increasing latitude, trend counter latitudinal observed many other taxa. seasonal effects monthly temperature range precipitation biodiversity locations. Cluster nominated parasitoid-hosts competitive interactions be validated future studies. The present study fills an important gap knowledge American lays groundwork for ecological evolutionary this system.