Functional and Structural Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia

摘要: Various studies show, that a longer duration of untreated psychosis relates to worse prognosis. Thus the early recognition schizophrenia seems crucial challenge. However, many clinical symptoms prodromal stages are not sufficiently specific. Here we present an overview over recent contributions neuroimaging and electrophysiological as well genetic studies: Which additional information offer endophenotypes (such P300, P50 sensory gating, MMN, smooth pursuit eye movements; indicating specific vulnerability) together with better understanding schizophrenic pathophysiology (state-dependent biological markers, e.g. aggravated motor neurological soft signs during psychosis) in when still ambiguous present. Examples (e.g. from COMT polymorphisms working memory deficits) given illustrate more underlying neuronal mechanisms behind behavioural symptoms. This way, characteristic pattern disturbed cerebral maturation might be distinguished order complement instruments detection. While today, specificity sensitivity aforementioned markers does allow diagnosing all heterogeneous forms syndrome, it promising approach define high-risk constellations for subgroups patients timely interventions they justified. The main focus this chapter will connect findings via give impression how attempts could complemented by functional structural serve diagnostic markers. State kind trait marker compared, possibilities limitations respect discussed.