Origin and Evolution of Angiosperm Flowers

摘要: Publisher Summary The angiosperms are distinguished from all gymnosperms by their angiospermy, the inclusion of developing seeds (the ovules) in carpels. As a consequence, pollen grains do not germinate directly on ovule but outer surface carpel (on stigma) and tubes reach ovules only inside ovary. provides protection to ovules—a trait that is also present various other means—but it opens new possibilities for fine-tuned interactions between male female gametophytes. Intraspecific incompatibility systems function stigma pathway important acquisitions angiosperms. They prevent fertilization egg cells sperm with too similar genotypes. At same time, intervention style enhances tube selection among entire portion has been transferred process pollination, therefore, most vigorous Comparative studies living plants indicate members Magnoliidae retain largest number primitive floral characters extant This subsequently reinforced fossil record chapter considers selected families illustrate organization diversity within group.