Introduction to the Cellular Transport of Organic Cations

摘要: Organic cations (OCs) are substances of endogenous and exogenous origin to which belong important neurotransmitters such as histamine serotonin also drugs metformin. Because OCs positively charged they need membrane transporters permeate the plasma membrane. Membrane translocate according their electrochemical gradient Solute Carrier (SLC) families 22 (organic cation (OCT) 1–3, organic novel (OCTN) 1–2) 47 (multidrug toxin extrusion (MATE) 1–2). This chapter collects information on expression function these present in literature, comparing characteristics human rodent transporters. These data show that OCTs play an physiological role for neurotransmitter balance body. Moreover, uptake routes intracellular drug delivery and, considering high excretory organs, together with MATEs responsible excretion. For this reason, can be determinants efficacies toxicities. OCTNs involved cellular substances, cell metabolism signal transmission, ergothioneine, carnitine acetylcholine. Even though orthologs is generally similar, still there differences have considered a proper interpretation translational studies. Paralogs often display similar characteristics, however e.g. regard interaction substrates regulation. Other functional aspects cations, molecular correlates polyspecificity, regulation, drugs, genetic variations, central nervous system, distribution plants discussed other sections book.