HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan – A regional programme of measures for the marine environment based on the Ecosystem Approach
作者： Hermanni Backer , Juha-Markku Leppänen , Anne Christine Brusendorff , Kaj Forsius , Monika Stankiewicz
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2009.11.016
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摘要: Abstract The Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) Baltic Sea Action Plan, adopted by the coastal countries of and European Community in November 2007, is a regional intergovernmental programme measures for protection management marine environment explicitly based on Ecosystem Approach. Plan structured around set Ecological Objectives used to define indicators targets, including effect-based nutrient input ceilings, monitor implementation. strongly links environmental concerns important socio-economic fields such as agriculture fisheries promotes cross-sectoral tools spatial planning. Due complementarities with Union (EU) Marine Strategy Framework Directive, essence pilot this process without neglecting role Russian Federation – only country not member EU.
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