Using Positive Attribute Framing to Attenuate Nocebo Side Effects: A Cybersickness Study.

摘要: BACKGROUND Side effect warnings can contribute directly to their occurrence via the nocebo effect. This creates a challenge for clinicians and researchers, because are necessary informed consent, but cause harm. Positive framing has been proposed as method reducing side effects whilst maintaining principles of limited available empirical data mixed. PURPOSE To test whether positive attribute reduces relative negative framing, general warning, no warning. METHODS Ninety-nine healthy volunteers were recruited under guise study on virtual reality (VR) spatial awareness. Participants randomized receive positively framed ("7 out 10 people will not experience nausea"), negatively ("3 ("a proportion or prior VR exposure. RESULTS Receiving warning increased cybersickness overall, confirming that induce effects. Importantly, however, reduced both with difference between latter two. Further, there was in CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest only warnings, actually prevents from occurring at all. As such, may be cheap ethical way reduce