Shifts in forest product extraction: the post-rubber era in the Bolivian Amazon

摘要: ABSTRACT Commercial exploitation of non-timber forest products has been playing a major role in the northern Bolivian Amazon for more than century. Initially relying on rubber, regional economy underwent first diversification as consequence post-World War I rubber crisis: tapping became supplemented with subsistence agriculture and Brazil nut extraction. This mode making one's living prevailed region several decades until trade came to standstill early 1990s. The recent crisis called again substantial modifications economy. paper examines conversion from rubber-based into production modes broader use resources. A village- level survey conducted 163 rural settlements gave evidence that increased commercialization nuts, palm hearts, timber largely offset progressively lower incomes exploitation. In addition market-orien...