Elephant bone breakage and surface marks made by trampling elephants: Implications for interpretations of marked and broken Mammuthus spp. bones

作者: Gary Haynes , Kathryn Krasinski , Piotr Wojtal

DOI: 10.1016/J.JASREP.2020.102491

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摘要: Abstract Loxodonta africana bones are repeatedly trampled when deposited at localities where elephant traffic is frequent, such as water sources and mineral licks. This paper discusses illustrates several major effects of trampling, including bone scattering re-positioning death sites, the breakage even largest elements, marking surfaces. We present results experiments to bend break we illustrate probable trampling modifications Pleistocene Mammuthus spp. from North America Europe.

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