Mammalian proteasome subtypes: Their diversity in structure and function

摘要: The 20S proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase catalysing the degradation of majority intracellular proteins. Thereby it involved in almost all basic cellular processes, which facilitated by its association with various regulator complexes so that appears different disguises like 26S proteasome, hybrid-proteasome and others. has cylindrical structure built up four stacked rings composed α- β-subunits. Since three active site-containing β-subunits can or part be replaced immuno-subunits, main subpopulations exist, namely standard-, immuno- intermediate-proteasomes. Due to posttranslational modifications or/and genetic variations occur multiple iso- proteoforms. This leads fact each variety subtypes. review summarizes knowledge subtypes mammalian cells tissues their possible biological medical relevancy.