Off-axis effects on the multipulse structure of sperm whale usual clicks with implications for sound production

摘要: Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) produce multipulsed clicks with their hypertrophied nasal complex. The currently accepted view of the sound generation process is based on click structure measured directly in front of, or behind, whale where regular interpulse intervals (IPIs) are found between successive pulses click. Most sperm whales, however, recorded an unknown orientation respect to hydrophone multipulse and IPI do not conform a pulse pattern. By combining far-field recordings usual acoustic information by tag clicking whale, we analyzed from known aspects whale. We show that geometric model bent horn theory for production can explain varying off-axis structure. Some energy reflected off frontal sac radiates into water creating intermediate p1/2 seen recordings. powerful p1 sonar exits junk as predicted bent-horn model, showing complex both anatomically functionally homologous melon smaller toothed whales.