Stomatal patterning and development.

摘要: Stomata are epidermal pores used for water and gas exchange between a plant the atmosphere. Both entry of carbon dioxide photosynthesis evaporation that drives transpiration temperature regulation modulated by activities stomata. Each stomatal pore is surrounded two highly specialized cells called guard (GCs), may also be associated with neighboring subsidiary cells; this entire unit referred to as complex. Generation GCs requires stereotyped asymmetric symmetric cell divisions, pattern complexes in epidermis follows "one-cell-spacing rule" (one complex almost never touches another one). formation patterning regulated number genetic components identified last decade, including, but not limited to, secreted peptide ligands, plasma membrane receptors receptor-like kinases, MAP kinase module, series transcription factors. This review will elaborate on current state knowledge about signaling pathways required fate pattern, emphasis (1) family extracellular ligands their relationship TOO MANY MOUTHS protein and/or members ERECTA family, (2) three tiers module kinases confer novel regulatory effects specific types, (3) factors generate types mechanisms modulating activities. We then consider new proteins (BASL PAN1, from Arabidopsis maize, respectively) regulate divisions establishing polarity.