Evidence of Climate Change Coping and Adaptation Practices by Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana

摘要: Evidence on how coping practices for immediate climate variations can transform into long-term adaptive capacity are relatively limited. This study addressed this gap by identifying the short-term and adaptation measures used smallholder farmers to address future change in northeast Ghana. The paper a mixed-methods approach, including household surveys, focus group discussions key informant interviews. Data were collected from 555 households located six communities across three districts Results indicated that employing host of threats posed change. Key included planting drought-tolerant crop varieties, use indigenous knowledge, intensification irrigation, migration, adjusting calendar, diversification, mixed farming, sustainable land management practices. On contrary, reported participants sale non-farm assets, complementing agriculture with jobs, selling livestock, engaging wage labor, charcoal burning reliance social networks. results further revealed barriers differed gender. recommends capacities vulnerability hotspots should be enhanced variations, as well changes. Ghana’s agricultural policies prioritize adaptations addressing