Anorexia and Cachexia

摘要: Cachexia is a complex syndrome presenting wasting of muscle and adipose tissues, weight loss, anorexia, early satiety, fatigue, anemia, hyperlipidemia, systemic inflammatory responses, often hypercatabolic state. differs from starvation, where visceral proteins are also depleted. Profound anorexia satiety partly responsible, but metabolic abnormalities the major cause cachexia. Mechanisms cachexia include production cytokines including TNF-α, Interleuken-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IFN-γ; secretion tumor byproducts, which lipolytic factors proteolysis-inducing factor; hormonal aberration; prostaglandin elevation; possible dysfunction neuropeptidergic circuits; derangement produced by treatment. A variety agents have been used in attempts to reverse cachexia, corticosteroids, megestrol acetate medroxyprogesterone acetate, anabolic steroids, cannabinoids, growth hormones, somatostatin GHRP-2, insulin-like factor 1, metoclopramide cisapride, hydrazine sulfate, anti-inflammatory such as indomethacin ibuprofen, pentoxifylline lisofylline, proteasome inhibitors NF-κB inhibitors, clenbuterol, thalidomide, adenosine triphosphate, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, proinflammatory-cytokine proinflammatory cytokine antibodies cytokines, eicosapentaenoic acid, enteral parenteral nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, orexigenic mediators, melatonin cyproheptadine. Currently, most commonly agent acetate; however, megestrol-induced gain mainly water fat, rather than protein. Side effects thromboembolic phenomena. In studies, thalidomide appear effective at attenuating loss lean body mass cancer Development that prevent or eagerly awaited.