摘要: Early conflicts between uniformitarian and gradual theories of evolution (James Hutton: 1726–1797; Charles Lyell: 1797–1875) catastrophic theory (Cuvier: 1769–1832) have been progressively resolved by advanced paleontological, sedimentary, volcanic asteroid impact studies paleo-climate coupled with precise isotopic age determinations, indicating periods were interrupted abrupt events which transformed the habitat plants organisms resulted in mass extinction species.
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