Arteriovenous Fistulae: A Consideration of Extracardiac Causes of Congestive Heart Failure

摘要: One of the more confounding situations encountered in newborn is infant with severe intractable congestive heart failure ostensibly normal intracardiac anatomy at echocardiography. Even confusing, arteriovenous fistulae may present multiple ways, including cyanosis, bounding pulses, or even diminished femoral and thus mimic any every form structural non-structural congenital disease. Diagnosis therefore often delayed because cardiac diverts attention from to other systems. These infants are severely ill by time definitive diagnostic procedures carried out, leading a disappointingly high mortality rate despite application most sophisticated medical surgical therapies. For discussion “What an malformation?”, editorial Fellows [15] particularly useful.