Classification, Description, and Dynamics of Upland Plant Communities within a Minnesota Wilderness Area

摘要: A bstract. The major upland plant community types of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) northeastern Minnesota, identified by multivariate analyses (clustering and canonical discriminant analysis) 68 stands disturbed logging 106 undisturbed logging, include following: lichen, jack pine-oak, red pine, pineblack spruce, pine-fir, black spruce-feather moss, maple-oak, aspen-birch, aspenbirch-white maple-aspen-birch, maple-aspen-birch-fir, fir-birch, white cedar. Each these is based on a complex 53 common species, though name may incorrectly imply that one or two dominant overstory species are indicative type. Other forest from BWCA quantitatively related to regional vegetation through analysis. Succession uplands in area, without disturbance, leads fir-birch ultimately white-cedar Whitetail deer have had an impact restricting occurrence reproduction cedar