The Utilisation of Education and Skills: Incidence and Determinants among Pakistani Graduates

摘要: *This study estimates the incidence of job mismatch and its determinants in Pakistan, based on three categories: (i) qualification mismatch, skill (iii) field-ofstudy mismatch. It uses both primary secondary datasets that target graduates employed by formal sector. The measures using approaches finds about one third sampled face a Similarly, more than fourth are mismatched terms skill, half over-skilled, under-skilled. analysis also shows 11.3 percent hold jobs irrelevant to their discipline 13.8 have slightly relevant discipline. Women likely men be overqualified, age has negative association with over-qualification. Graduates who belong political families better match but lower field-of-study match. While higher level schooling prevents from being under-qualified, it raises likelihood over-qualified over-skilled. Occupation-specific disciplines offer protection against possibility Both full -time education semester-system reduce while distance learning phenomena over-skilled is prevalent occupations, as