An Insight of Ecosystem Capitals and Services of the Kaghan Valley: The Himalayan Region of Pakistan

摘要: The Kaghan Valley is in the territorial jurisdiction of Mansehera District, named after a tiny village Kaghan, at end valley. valley culminates tree-clad high mountains and glaciers North-East with varying altitudes from 1 to 5 thousand meters above sea level. region relatively active geophysically, hydrologically biologically diverse by virtue altitude aspect-driven variability energy moisture. In such better understanding changes land resources, production agronomic horticultural crops, use timber non-timber products, livestock structure/composition have important implications these along indigenous knowledge mountain people which, key sustainable development Himalayan region. Our results showed that main causes lowest agriculture area are poor crop management context mountains, drought spells, low soil fertility, fragmentation tenancy status agricultural land. Off season vegetables cultivation on sloppy leads sever erosion degradation this ecosystem. Overgrazing during summer another problem as pastures visited both Afghan local nomads without relating carrying capacity alpine meadows. overgrazed usually subject rainfalls severe erosion. Any resources fragile rare ecosystem requires great sense responsibility but case forest being plundered used roughly. We recommend adequate inputs, specific practices for agriculture. Local social welfare organizations should work create awareness about natural resources. government resolve ownership common property keeping mind customary laws make sure involvement all stakeholders.