Occupational Ergonomics: Principles and Applications

摘要: This chapter provides the basic principles that underlie field of ergonomics and their application to some current issues importance in workplace. Sections 2 4 deal with physiology muscles; biomechanics; cellular responses tissue, nerve, joint injuries as they relate cumulative trauma disorders; common types overuse syndromes. The remaining sections applications workplace ergonomic proposed regulations. The word “ergonomics” is made up two Greek words, “ergo” meaning work “nomas” laws. highly interdisciplinary. It applies from engineering, physiology, medicine, psychology understanding interaction humans may consist identifying relationship between job physical risk factors physiological responses. For example, a specific problem paramount occupational health safety issue work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMD). Some these are discussed further this chapter. areas relevant for defined briefly explained. Activities involve repetitive stress have effects extremely complicated. Adding internal or external forces body can, described, alter bone, joints, ligaments, tendons, nerves, muscles. Belief motion will result an isolated nerve injury without affecting surrounding muscles, tendons likely inhibit appropriate care control exposed individuals. Additional research needed characterize changes occur, approaches recognizing, managing preventing must address all tissues involved area. Keywords: Principles; Ergonomics; Muscle; Skeletal system; Anthropometry; Biomechanics; Physiological effects; Stress strain; Tissue injury; Bone; Joints; Ligament; Tendon; Nerve; Upper extremity overuse; Carpal tunnel; Low back pain; Low loads; Regulations; California standards; ANSI Z-365; Job analysis