Technologies for global telecommunications using undersea cables

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter gives an overview of the specificities submarine links with respect to terrestrial and provides a few examples recently deployed undersea systems. Today's channels are modulated at 10 Gbit/s rate, but deployment systems based on next-generation standard bit namely, 40 Gbit/s, has already begun in networks. However, migration these networks can be quite challenging. Over longest transoceanic distances, it will likely require thorough redesign system, involving higher-performance repeaters new fiber cables. Substituting older or 2.5 terminals by equipped latest technological advances proved very effective for extracting more capacity out existing also addresses challenges associated both green-field deployments system upgrades. Original arrangements, alternative modulation formats, detection schemes, amplifiers, advanced forward-error correction (FEC) all potential enablers making compatible channel rate. While maturation technologies opened remarkable opportunities extract laid cables, research efforts detailed this study serve as ground development The key related selection arrangement, amplifier design, techniques, impairment-mitigation solutions.