Current Situation and Future Directions

摘要: This chapter deals with the current situation and offers some thoughts on future prospects. Issues raised throughout book are revisited, accounts given of seemingly ascendant perspectives such as public health biopsychosocial models. The ongoing role metaphors, exemplified by development “vaccines” against addiction, reinforces a point we have been making throughout: ideas concepts will invariably travel from one sphere to another. Today, there is greater awareness cultural determinants many ambiguities that haunt all studies PG addictions in general. We build this through reference historical currents addressed book, discuss resilience mainstream disease conception, do our best sift out what aspects assorted models promising well ones would be left behind. Theories positive negative reinforcement discussed, argue two conceptions ways compatible. end reminding reader pejorative portrayals addicts originating early twentieth century strongly idea afflicted requiring extremes degradation (hitting bottom) order recover relic time when were poorly understood.