DNA vaccines: A simple DNA sensing matter?

摘要: Since the introduction of DNA vaccines two decades ago, this attractive strategy has been hampered by its low immunogenicity in humans. Studies conducted to improve have shown that understanding mechanism action might be key successfully improving their immunogenicity. Our current is induce innate and adaptive immune responses ways: (1) encoded protein (or polypeptide) antigen(s) plasmid can expressed stromal cells (i.e., muscle cells) as well DCs, where these antigens are processed presented naive CD4 or CD8 T either direct cross presentation, respectively; (2) transfected itself may bind an un-identified cytosolic sensor activate TBK1-STING pathway production type I interferons (IFNs) which function adjuvant. Recent studies investigating double-stranded sensor(s) highlighted new mechanisms release secondary metabolites, turn recognized a novel sensing machinery. Here, we discuss metabolites possibilities translating knowledge into improved for vaccines.