Predator-induced physiological responses in tadpoles challenged with herbicide pollution

摘要: Predators induce plastic responses in multiple prey taxa, ranging from morphological to behavioral or physiological changes. In amphibians, tadpoles activate reduce predation risk by reducing their activity rate and altering morphology, specifically tail depth pigmentation. Furthermore, there is now evidence that tadpoles' defenses are modi- fied when predators combine with other stressful factors such as pollutants competitors, but our knowledge on the physiologi- cal underlying these still scarce. Here we study Pelobates cultripes exposed a natural predator (larvae of aquatic beetle Dytiscus circumflexus), non-lethal concentrations herbicide (gly- phosate, 0.5 mg/L 1.0 mg/L) both combined. We measured corticosterone levels, standard metabolic rate, oxidative damage (TBARS) antioxidant enzymes, immune response (via leukocyte count). Tadpoles reduced corti- costerone concentration ca. 24% presence cues, whereas did not change glyphosate. Two enzymes involved also decreased (14.7% 13.2% respec- tively) Herbicide, however, increased number neutrophils lymphocytes, had an interaction effect presence. Standard vary across treatments experiment. Thus show marked little for between low levels herbicide. Multiple assessment state animals important understand basis conse- quences phenotypic plasticity (Current Zoology 59 (4): 475-484, 2013).