Ammoniacal nitrogen removal by Eichhornia crassipes -based phytoremediation: process optimization using response surface methodology

摘要: Eutrophication is a serious environmental issue that needs urgent concern. There necessity to treat wastewater with high ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) concentration the permissible standard limit protect aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated optimum condition for AN removal from using Eichhornia crassipes-based phytoremediation process. Face-centered central composite design (CCD) was employed as experimental design, in which four operational variables including pH (4–10), retention time (2–14 days), macrophyte density (5–30 g/L) and salinity (0–5 g NaCl/L) were involved study, while five responses investigated, namely efficiency (Y1), fresh biomass growth (Y2), COD (Y3), BOD (Y4) TSS (Y5). main focus this study. Through numerical optimization, highest of 77.48% (initial concentration = 40 mg/L) obtained at following condition: 8.51, 8.47 days, 21.39 g/L 0 g NaCl/L. The values predicted models agreed satisfactorily values, implied response surface methodology reliable practical developed optimization validation experiment real semiconductor effluent further supported potential E. system remove other organic pollutants industrial under optimal condition.