Climate Impacts and Adaptations in Forest Management

摘要: Abstract Over the past decade, forest policy and management has moved from a focus on mitigation to one that includes adaptation. The expected impacts of climate change forests ecosystem services are influenced by many sources uncertainty. While average changes in may affect tree survival, projected increase frequency extreme events is likely put new pressures ecosystems can lead their decline or collapse. Modelling an important part understanding adaption, both future species’ response climate. Resilience key concept adaptation characterized species genetic richness, structural diversity, resistance biotic abiotic stress, innovation flexible human systems. Adaptation requires incorporating known solutions, also maintaining options processes allow change. Social tightly interconnected, it knowledge-rich approach. Opportunities adapt arise as planted existing harvested replaced. However, much less about how owners, planners, managers advisers engaging with challenge. A few studies explore attitudes, beliefs knowledge; fewer look at adoption recommended changes, local experimentation.