Continuum of depressive and manic mixed states in patients with bipolar disorder: quantitative measurement and clinical features.

摘要: Bipolar mixed states combine depressive and manic features, presenting diagnostic treatment challenges reflecting a severe form of the illness. DSM-IV criteria for state require combined syndromes, but range has been described clinically. A unified definition would be valuable in understanding their diagnosis, mechanism implications. We investigated manner which features to produce continuum states. In 88 subjects with bipolar disorder (DSM-IV), we evaluated symptoms clinical characteristics, compared depression-based, mania-based, other published definitions developed an index extent were (Mixed State Index, MSI) characterized its relationship state. Predominately using from recent literature, as well Kraepelinian states, had similar MSI scores. Anxiety correlated significantly depression scores mania depressed subjects. Discriminant function analysis associated hyperactivity negative cognitions, not subjective or elevated mood. High course For episodes, characteristics emerged two opposite polarity. This was cross-sectional study. Mixed appear continuum. An degree appears useful identifying characterizing propose episode three more polarity parsimonious