Good sewers cheap? Agency-customer interactions in low-cost urban sanitation in Brazil

摘要: Condominial sewerage is a low-cost, waterborne system developed in the early 1980s Brazil. Residents who wish to access service consult with implementation staff choose from three layout design options. This study reviews experiences seven Brazilian cities where municipal and state agencies built condominial over past twelve years. Most of systems were placed poor neighborhoods, though has also been middle- upper-income neighborhoods. asks how public learn adopt not only significant modifications, but fundamentally different approach for customer base that they are largely unaccustomed working with, urban poor. It examines communities organize themselves formally informally work toward provision. The survey used this revealed mixed results. In roughly half cases, projects performed as well conventional sewerage, cost between third quarter those systems. Thanks unconventional options, may reach customers living high density irregular settlements have historically excluded service. Some systems, however, suffered low connection rates, poorly constructed networks, inadequate operations maintenance. problems associated then, institutional nature rather than caused by an inherent problem or uneducated population, some infrastructure planners Brazil urged. Successful all involved: 1) city block-by-block consultations; 2) demonstration each neighborhood; 3) gradual acceleration project pace driven customers' demand; 4) local contractors.