Interdisciplinarity and Transdisciplinarity

摘要: markdownabstractIntroduction The various disciplines in the social and human sciences have each built up their own worlds of theory, designed to clarify a selected aspect or aspects life. But if one wishes understand particular person, group, locality country, situation, must become ‘interdisciplinary’: attend diverse how they interrelate. This chapter explores problematique interdisciplinarity asks that doctoral researchers give careful thought research might benefit from an interdisciplinary approach. If, for example, studies impacts education on state Kerala India, cannot sensibly ignore cultural impacts, such almost no with certain amount schooling will now do heavy manual work: major economic fact as well educational fact. Similar considerations apply when we consider policy-oriented research, including field education. Much is again situation- context- focused, although some aspires widely applicable generalizations. If find, Indonesia private school graduates earn more, also learnt more cost-effectively, than (Bedi & Garg, 2000), directly conclude need greater participation sector, without giving attention issues future brain-drain, nationbuilding, willingness work priority sectors, possibilities reforming schools.